Hadoop 集群搭建和简单应用(参考下文)

> 本文由 [简悦 SimpRead](http://ksria.com/simpread/) 转码， 原文地址 [www.cnblogs.com](https://www.cnblogs.com/qingyunzong/p/8496127.html)

**目录**

*   [概念了解](#_label0)
*   [集群服务器规划](#_label1)
*   [软件安装步骤概述](#_label2)
*   [Hadoop 安装](#_label3)
    *   [1、规划](#_label3_0)
    *   [2、上传解压缩](#_label3_1)
    *   [3、修改配置文件](#_label3_2)
    *   [4、把安装包分别分发给其他的节点](#_label3_3)
    *   [5、配置 Hadoop 环境变量](#_label3_4)
    *   [6、查看 hadoop 版本](#_label3_5)
    *   [7、Hadoop 初始化](#_label3_6)
    *   [8、启动](#_label3_7)
    *   [9、查看 4 台服务器的进程](#_label3_8)
    *   [10、启动 HDFS 和 YARN 的 web 管理界面](#_label3_9)
*   [Hadoop 的简单使用](#_label4)
    *   [创建文件夹](#_label4_0)
    *   [查看创建的文件夹](#_label4_1)
    *   [上传文件](#_label4_2)
    *   [下载文件](#_label4_3)
    *   [运行一个 mapreduce 的例子程序： wordcount](#_label4_4)

**正文**

[回到顶部](#_labelTop)

概念了解
----

主从结构：在一个集群中，会有部分节点充当主服务器的角色，其他服务器都是从服务器的角色，当前这种架构模式叫做主从结构。

主从结构分类：

1、一主多从

2、多主多从

Hadoop 中的 HDFS 和 YARN 都是主从结构，主从结构中的主节点和从节点有多重概念方式：

1、主节点　　从节点

2、master　　slave

3、管理者　　工作者

4、leader　　follower

Hadoop 集群中各个角色的名称：

<table border="0"><tbody><tr><td>服务</td><td>主节点</td><td>从节点</td></tr><tr><td>HDFS</td><td>NameNode</td><td>DataNode</td></tr><tr><td>YARN</td><td>ResourceManager</td><td>NodeManager</td></tr></tbody></table>

[回到顶部](#_labelTop)

集群服务器规划
-------

使用 4 台 CentOS-6.7 虚拟机进行集群搭建

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303115310907-1555873629.png)

[回到顶部](#_labelTop)

软件安装步骤概述
--------

1、获取安装包

2、解压缩和安装

3、修改配置文件

4、初始化，配置环境变量，启动，验证

[回到顶部](#_labelTop)

Hadoop 安装
---------

### 1、规划

规划安装用户：hadoop

规划安装目录：/home/hadoop/apps

规划数据目录：/home/hadoop/data

注：apps 和 data 文件夹需要自己单独创建

### 2、上传解压缩

注：使用 hadoop 用户

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 apps]$ ls
hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop1 apps]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz
```

### 3、修改配置文件

配置文件目录：/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303103331419-2007341529.png)

#### A.　hadoop-env.sh

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi hadoop-env.sh
```

修改 JAVA_HOME

```
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_73
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303104035548-3546092.png)

B.　core-site.xml

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml
```

fs.defaultFS ： 这个属性用来指定 namenode 的 hdfs 协议的文件系统通信地址，可以指定一个主机 + 端口，也可以指定为一个 namenode 服务（这个服务内部可以有多台 namenode 实现 ha 的 namenode 服务

hadoop.tmp.dir : hadoop 集群在工作的时候存储的一些临时文件的目录

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://hadoop1:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata</value>
        </property>
</configuration>
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303104511807-906110891.png)

C.　hdfs-site.xml

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml
```

dfs.namenode.name.dir：namenode 数据的存放地点。也就是 namenode 元数据存放的地方，记录了 hdfs 系统中文件的元数据。

dfs.datanode.data.dir： datanode 数据的存放地点。也就是 block 块存放的目录了。

dfs.replication：hdfs 的副本数设置。也就是上传一个文件，其分割为 block 块后，每个 block 的冗余副本个数，默认配置是 3。

dfs.secondary.http.address：secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name</value>
                <description>为了保证元数据的安全一般配置多个不同目录</description>
        </property>

<property>
                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/data</value>
                <description>datanode 的数据存储目录</description>
        </property>

<property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>2</value>
                <description>HDFS 的数据块的副本存储个数, 默认是3</description>
        </property>

<property>
                <name>dfs.secondary.http.address</name>
                <value>hadoop3:50090</value>
                <description>secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点</description>
        </property>
</configuration>
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303104911508-1011649393.png)

D.　mapred-site.xml

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml
```

mapreduce.framework.name：指定 mr 框架为 yarn 方式, Hadoop 二代 MP 也基于资源管理系统 Yarn 来运行 。

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
                <value>yarn</value>
        </property>
</configuration>
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303105128551-1997748350.png)

E.　yarn-site.xml

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi yarn-site.xml
```

yarn.resourcemanager.hostname：yarn 总管理器的 IPC 通讯地址

yarn.nodemanager.aux-services：

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
<configuration>

<property>
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
                <value>hadoop4</value>
        </property>
        
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
                <description>YARN 集群为 MapReduce 程序提供的 shuffle 服务</description>
        </property>

</configuration>
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303105358230-1169766109.png)

F.　slaves

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi slaves
```

```
hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3
hadoop4
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303105518279-1427162583.png)

### 4、把安装包分别分发给其他的节点

重点强调： 每台服务器中的 hadoop 安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致  
重点强调： 每台服务器中的 hadoop 安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致  
重点强调： 每台服务器中的 hadoop 安装包的目录必须一致， 安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop2:~/apps/
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop3:~/apps/
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop4:~/apps/
```

注意：上面的命令等同于下面的命令

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop@hadoop2:~/apps/
```

### 5、配置 Hadoop 环境变量

千万注意：

1、如果你使用 root 用户进行安装。 vi /etc/profile 即可 系统变量

2、如果你使用普通用户进行安装。 vi ~/.bashrc 用户变量

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ vi .bashrc
```

```
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303110711007-1612467070.png)

使环境变量生效

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$ source ~/.bashrc
```

### 6、查看 hadoop 版本

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$ hadoop version
Hadoop 2.7.5
Subversion Unknown -r Unknown
Compiled by root on 2017-12-24T05:30Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 9f118f95f47043332d51891e37f736e9
This command was run using /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5.jar
[hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303111035963-1326015903.png)

### 7、Hadoop 初始化

注意：HDFS 初始化只能在主节点上进行

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop namenode -format
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/ContractedBlock.gif)![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)

```
1 [hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop namenode -format
 2 DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
 3 Instead use the hdfs command for it.
 5 18/03/03 11:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
 6 /************************************************************
 7 STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
 8 STARTUP_MSG:   host = hadoop1/192.168.123.102
 9 STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
10 STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.7.5
11 STARTUP_MSG:   classpath = /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-sslengine-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.54.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.10.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-framework-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-client-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-recipes-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-all-4.0.23.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xml-apis-1.3.04.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-sharedcachemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-registry-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar
12 STARTUP_MSG:   build = Unknown -r Unknown; compiled by 'root' on 2017-12-24T05:30Z
13 STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_73
14 ************************************************************/
15 18/03/03 11:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
16 18/03/03 11:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]
17 18/03/03 11:13:25 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
18 18/03/03 11:13:25 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
19 Formatting using clusterid: CID-5cc0d14d-6100-4a01-b12c-d1ebfdbd8531
20 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found.
21 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair: true
22 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Detailed lock hold time metrics enabled: false
23 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000
24 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true
25 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set to 000:00:00:00.000
26 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2018 三月 03 11:13:25
27 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
28 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
29 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB
30 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
31 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false
32 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication         = 2
33 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication             = 512
34 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication             = 1
35 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams      = 2
36 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000
37 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer        = false
38 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog          = 1000
39 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner             = hadoop (auth:SIMPLE)
40 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup          = supergroup
41 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true
42 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false
43 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
44 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
45 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
46 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB
47 18/03/03 11:13:25 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
48 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: ACLs enabled? false
49 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: XAttrs enabled? true
50 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384
51 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
52 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks
53 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
54 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB
55 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^18 = 262144 entries
56 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
57 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
58 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 30000
59 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.window.num.buckets = 10
60 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.num.users = 10
61 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.windows.minutes = 1,5,25
62 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
63 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
64 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache
65 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
66 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB
67 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^15 = 32768 entries
68 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-269129172-192.168.123.102-1520046806111
69 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name has been successfully formatted.
70 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Saving image file /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
71 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 323 bytes saved in 0 seconds.
72 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
73 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
74 18/03/03 11:13:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
75 /************************************************************
76 SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop1/192.168.123.102
77 ************************************************************/
78 [hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

View Code

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303111431844-1654882274.png)

### 8、启动

A.　启动 HDFS

注意：不管在集群中的那个节点都可以

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop1]
hadoop1: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop1.out
hadoop3: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop3.out
hadoop2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop2.out
hadoop4: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop4.out
hadoop1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [hadoop3]
hadoop3: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop3.out
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303111708314-1318291140.png)

B.　启动 YARN

注意：只能在主节点中进行启动

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
[hadoop@hadoop4 ~]$ start-yarn.sh
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop4.out
hadoop2: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop2.out
hadoop3: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop3.out
hadoop4: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop4.out
hadoop1: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop1.out
[hadoop@hadoop4 ~]$
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112021638-408158798.png)

### 9、查看 4 台服务器的进程

hadoop1

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112120800-1423701937.png)

hadoop2

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112139568-661988009.png)

hadoop3

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112211083-74589397.png)

hadoop4

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112225280-1304512419.png)

### 10、启动 HDFS 和 YARN 的 web 管理界面

HDFS : http://192.168.123.102:50070  
YARN ： http://hadoop05:8088

疑惑： fs.defaultFS = hdfs://hadoop02:9000

解答：客户单访问 HDFS 集群所使用的 URL 地址

同时，HDFS 提供了一个 web 管理界面 端口：50070

#### HDFS 界面

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112510116-894901884.png)

点击 Datanodes 可以查看四个节点

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112628507-1186899766.png)

#### YARN 界面

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112735895-1867837449.png)

点击 Nodes 可以查看节点

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303112833214-1809517028.png)

[回到顶部](#_labelTop)

Hadoop 的简单使用
------------

### 创建文件夹

在 HDFS 上创建一个文件夹 / test/input

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /test/input
```

### 查看创建的文件夹

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-03-03 11:33 /test
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2018-03-03 11:33 /test/input
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303113610630-1170857589.png)

### 上传文件

创建一个文件 words.txt

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ vi words.txt
```

```
hello zhangsan
hello lisi
hello wangwu
```

上传到 HDFS 的 / test/input 文件夹中

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -put ~/words.txt /test/input
```

查看是否上传成功

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test/input
Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup         39 2018-03-03 11:37 /test/input/words.txt
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303113847538-1539539423.png)

### 下载文件

将刚刚上传的文件下载到~/data 文件夹中

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -get /test/input/words.txt ~/data
```

查看是否下载成功

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ ls data
hadoopdata  words.txt
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303114047756-345390954.png)

### 运行一个 mapreduce 的例子程序： wordcount

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop jar ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount /test/input /test/output
```

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303114406061-137199367.png)

在 YARN Web 界面查看

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303114707863-2058235690.png)

查看结果

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

```
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test/output
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup          0 2018-03-03 11:42 /test/output/_SUCCESS
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup         35 2018-03-03 11:42 /test/output/part-r-00000
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /test/output/part-r-00000
hello    3
lisi    1
wangwu    1
zhangsan    1
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$
```

[![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/copycode.gif)](javascript:void(0); "复制代码")

![](http://kmgy.top:9090/image/2022/09/14/1228818-20180303114542861-1807717747.png)