Nginx 部署安装

# Nginx 安装

环境：阿里云 CentOS7 个人服务器

## 1. 下载解压

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下载地址：http://nginx.org/en/download.html  
选择 Linux 最新稳定版下载，浏览器下载很慢，建议复制下载链接迅雷下载

## 2. 上传到服务器

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将前面下载完成的压缩包上传到服务器的/usr/local/yangguang/software/nginx

## 3. 配置

- 第一步：./configure

可以看到有一个configure文件，我们通过这个进行默认的配置，执行以下命令

chmod +x configure
    ./configure

**注意：**如果此时报错缺乏C compiler cc is not found，则需要先安装 c 编译器

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel

**报错：**./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

**解决方法：**

yum -y install pcre

**报错：**./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.

**解决方法：**

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

**报错：**nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx

- 第二步：make
- 第三步：make install

## 4. 启动和配置conf.d

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安装完成后，我们用whereis命令查找nginx文件

[root@zsr nginx-1.18.0]# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/bin/nginx /usr/local/nginx

然后我们进入到/usr/local/nginx目录，可以查看到相关文件

[root@zsr nginx-1.18.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/ 
    [root@zsr nginx]# ls
    conf  html  logs  sbin

我们再进入到/sbin目录，可以看到nginx可执行程序，我们直接执行进行启动

[root@zsr conf]# cd ./sbin 
    [root@zsr sbin]# ls nginx
    [root@zsr sbin]# ./nginx nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

可以看到这里报错了，这是因为端口占用的问题，nginx 默认 80 端口启动，我们可以查以下80端口的占用情况

COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
    AliYunDun  1179 root   22u  IPv4  17524      0t0  TCP iZ2ze3zdx4jq8v6hetjjuxZ:39786->100.100.30.25:http (ESTABLISHED)
    nginx     11106 root   11u  IPv4 206832      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
    nginx     11107  www   11u  IPv4 206832      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

可以看到被三个进程占用，这时我们可以结束这三个进程，也可以通过修改配置文件修改nginx的启动端口

这里我们修改默认的 80 端口，修改 nginx 目录下的/conf/nginx_conf文件，这里修改为 90 端口

[root@zsr conf]# ls
    fastcgi.conf          fastcgi_params.default  mime.types          nginx.conf.default   uwsgi_params
    fastcgi.conf.default  koi-utf                 mime.types.default  scgi_params          uwsgi_params.default
    fastcgi_params        koi-win                 nginx.conf          scgi_params.default  win-utf
    [root@zsr conf]# vim nginx.conf

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
        
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
        
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
        
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        
        #gzip  on;
        
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
        
            #charset koi8-r;
        
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        
            location / {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
            }
        
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
        
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
        
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
        
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
        
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
        
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
        
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
        
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
        
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
        include conf.d/*.conf;
        }

在conf.d文件夹创建8087端口代理

[root@zsr nginx]# cd conf
      [root@zsr conf]# mkdir conf.d 
      [root@zsr conf]# vim dev.conf

server {
        listen 8087;
        server_name localhost;
        location / {
           proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           proxy_redirect off;
           proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
           proxy_connect_timeout 10;
           proxy_read_timeout 30;
       }
    
       error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
       location = /50x.html {
           root html;
       }
    }

然后再次启动

[root@zsr conf]# cd ../sbin/ 
    [root@zsr sbin]# ./nginx -s start

没有任何返回信息则代表启动成功，我们通过服务器的公网IP:90访问测试，记得要打开阿里云 ECS 安全组的 90 端口以及防火墙的 90 端口！

#防火墙开放90端口 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=90/tcp
    #重启防火墙(修改配置后要重启防火墙) firewall-cmd --reload